What´s a Bipolar Disorder - 1800 Words

Bipolar disorder is generally a term that society and the media have stigmatized as something horrid. A mental illness that has labeled the individual as crazy due to the extreme pendulum of mood swings. Where we know the individual diagnosed with the disorder is usually happy, sad, irritated, and depressed all in a short period of time. Often times when typically functioning people cringe at the idea of having the mental illness. For myself, I would have to honestly state that I was once one of those individuals. Most in part due to my lack of education on the matter, using the term to describe any and everything that had an extreme shift in mood, action, feeling, or thought. Until I finally reached a breaking point in my life where I†¦show more content†¦Thankfully, in my situation everything was due to the amount of stress I was under and the lack of sleep I was getting but it has always made me concerned about my mother. The fact that I often times see her silently suffering. In this paper I would like to define and explore the mental illness of bipolar disorder. What is it? How does it affect individuals diagnosed and what is know in the research about the disorder? What is bipolar disorder? The starting point, as stated by Chaemi (2013) to understanding the self in bipolar disorder is to accept, first of all that bipolar disorder is a disease, a pathology of the body producing psychological symptoms. Bipolar disorder is not the disease of having mania or depression. And those states are, by definition episodes that come and go; they do not stay. They are not constant. It is the disease of being susceptible to having mania or depression. Bipolar disorder is usually categorized with extreme moods swings and changes in activity and energy levels. The onset of the first episode may be either mania or depression. For individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder it is often said that they are on a rollercoaster ride of emotions with mood swings ranging from the highest mountains of elation to the lowest valleys of depression. Some people also experience mixed state of both extremes, with periods of both mania and depression.Show MoreRelatedBipolar Disorder : Symptoms And Symptoms1493 Words   |  6 PagesRorman Ms. Chrisman English 10 30 November 2016 Bipolar Disorder If people don’t get enough sleep and miss a meeting, they are just upset, but for people with bipolar disorder, it can trigger another episode to their week. Bipolar Disorder is a brain disorder that can cause shifts in people s mood that are more unusual. Signs and symptoms can be different depending on if the person has manic or depressive episodes. A person with the disorder can also give their family and friends struggles, asideRead MoreBipolar Disorder1485 Words   |  6 PagesBipolar Disorder HCA/240 Toni Black Andrew Bertrand 11/21/2010 What is Bipolar Disorder? Bipolar disorder, is also known as manic-depressive illness, this is a brain disorder that causes unusual mood swings, energy levels are either up or down and your ability to function a normal everyday life would be a challenge to these individuals with this mental illness. The normal ups and downs that people experience who doesn’t have bipolar disorder is relatively different because withRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1441 Words   |  6 PagesBipolar disorder is a chemical imbalance in the mind that has yet to be unwound; it causes numerous emotional episodes that can happen immediately without a word. With a number of mental illnesses to diagnose them, it requires significant time and perception with a health care provider. Treatment is additionally a viewpoint that takes arranging and reflection, generally on how the patient feels in response to the solution that they are taking and different types of treatment. Albeit, bipolar disorderRead MoreBipo lar Disorder And Its Effects1660 Words   |  7 Pagespeople think of bipolar disorder, they may imagine a person who first is happy, jolly, and friendly. Then, the next moment that person is an angry, bitter, and irritated. According to many research studies, bipolar is much more than what people think. In this paper, I will elaborate on what bipolar disorder is, the differential diagnosis of bipolar disorder, the causes and risks, populations who are mostly affected and treatments to stabilize it. Bipolar disorder is a mental disorder. It appearsRead MoreBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )1541 Words   |  7 PagesManic depression, also known as Bipolar Disorder is not your normal up and down mood change; it’s not like what most people experience, getting a little sad and getting over it. Instead it is extreme mood swing that â€Å"usually going from EXTREMLY happy to EXTREMLY angry† also include emotional highs and lows such as, depression and mania. Mood changes can happen as little as a few times a year or as often as several times a week; it depends on the person and their environment. At times, you feel veryRead MoreBipolar : A Mental Illness1692 Words   |  7 Pagesundergraduate career has a mental illness called bipolar. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, bipolar is defined as a chronic mental illness that causes a range of different shifts in mood, energy, activity occurrence, and the ability to function and carry out the day to day task s (National Institute of Mental Health, 2016). Bipolar disorder is also known as a manic depressive illness due to the shifts in mood. People with bipolar often experience lows and highs. Research substantiatesRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder1454 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the greatly investigated neurological disorders is Bipolar Disorder. Regrettably, due to social stigma, funding issues, and a lack of education, many who are dealing with this disorder do not receive adequate treatment. Bipolar disorder, is also known as manic-depressive illness, it is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, and the ability to carry out normal daily tasks. Symptoms of the disorder are severe and diverse from the normal ups and downs that everyone goesRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1422 Words   |  6 Pagesleast two million Americans, or between 1 to 2 percent of the population, suffer from bipolar disorder. Catherine Zeta-Jones, Virgin ia Woolf, and Vincent Van Gogh are just a few famous examples known to have been diagnosed with bipolar disorder (Bhatia, 2014). According to Nick Craddock (1999) of The Journal of Medical Genetics, â€Å"bipolar disorder, also known as manic depressive illness, is a complex genetic disorder in which the core feature is pathological disturbance in mood ranging from extreme elationRead MoreBipolar Is The Most Severe Form Of This Illness1561 Words   |  7 PagesPsychology Bipolar I Disorder December 4, 2015 â€Æ' Bipolar I Disorder Background There are a wide range of mental disorders, also know also mental illnesses. The conditions of them affect mood, thinking, and behavior. The most common types include major depressions, anxiety disorder, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, just to name a few. For this paper I am going to discuss and focus on bipolar I disorder being that it is the most severe form of this illness. Bipolar Disorder is a seriousRead MoreKurt Cobain1130 Words   |  5 PagesWas Kurt Cobain bipolar? Thousands of people still research information about his death and what could have caused it. Kurt Cobain became a rock legend when his band Nirvana formed in 1990s. He grew up in a small town, Cobain showed a big interest in art and music as well as drawing. After his song Lithium was a big hit, â€Å"Many people believe he was manic depressive was over the song Lithium†(Bipolar Disorder, 2012, p. 1). However, Cobain wrote that song years before his band Nirvana became huge rock

Exercise Essay - 844 Words

Exercises 1. Synergy Valuation a. Cost and revenue synergies Managers of an acquiring company anticipate cost savings pretax of $50 million in the first year of the deal and $100 million the next and that thereafter the savings would grow @ inflation, 2%. Marginal tax rate is 30%. The firm must invest $1 billion to achieve these savings and starting in the third year must spend 5% of the pre-tax savings to sustain the rate of savings. As part of rationalization of operations, some assets will be sold generating a positive cash flow of $20 million net of tax in years 1 and 2 and $10 million in year 3. The analyst judges that these costs savings are rather certain, reflecting a degree of risk consistent with the variability in the firm’s†¦show more content†¦The key assumption here is that the equity market does not anticipate this reduction. The following table provides further details: | |Buyer (before) |Target (before) | |WACC |10.2% |11.2% | |Enterprise value ($ million) |6000 |6000 | |Risk-free rate (%) |5% |5% | |Equity market risk premium (%) |7% |7% | |Levered beta |1.00 |1.30 | |Debt ratio (%) |25 |45 | |Tax rate (%) |40 |40 | |Credit rating |AA |BBB | |Current pre-tax yield on debt at prevailing rating (%)Show MoreRelatedExercise : Exercise And Exercise Essay1380 Words   |  6 PagesA very important and often overlooked activity in today’s society is exercise. Exercise positively influences many aspects of life and people today are simply not incorporating it into their daily lives. What they don’t understand is exercise is extremely beneficial to physical and mental health. With a healthy mind and body people can go about their day feeling healthier, having a better sense of body image, and can process thoughts more clearly and concisely. It is also a physiologically naturalRead MoreExercise : Exercise And Exercise851 Words   |  4 Pages What is Exercise? That dreaded word, exercise. What exactly is, exercise? Why do we dread such a word? Maybe because of all the years of forced exercise during gym class in school; or maybe because of feeling humiliated and defeated by simple tasks, like walking up a flight of stairs, or being out of breath after singing a song. Whoever said exercise couldn’t be fun and at your own will? Whatever preconceptions you have of exercise, forget it. Now, you’re probably wondering who I am to tell youRead MoreExercise : Exercise And Exercise Essay1434 Words   |  6 PagesWe are all aware that exercise helps you physically. A big portion of us are ignorant to the fact that exercise can help you mentally as well. I say ignorant because well all know that exercise is physically helpful, but are unaware that it also helps us in our everyday thinking. Exercise helps us release stress, which helps us be calm and make wiser decisions without overthinking any situation. Many of us, or if not all of us, have experienced or are experiencing stress of some sort. Instead ofRead MoreExercise Physiology : Exercise And Exercise1691 Words   |  7 Pages â€Æ' Contents Exercise physiology 1 Purpose of report 2 History 2 Rules and Information 2 Positions in touch 2 Middle 3 Link 3 Wing 3 Recommended playing position 3 Energy systems 4 Fitness training program 4 My Recommendations, Evaluation conclusion 5 Fitness components 5 Bibliography 6 Exercise physiology Exercise physiology is a part of the biological sciences which have to do with how the body responds to exercise and training. An exercise physiologist is a scientist who investigatesRead MoreExercise : Exercise And Exercise1721 Words   |  7 PagesMany times when people think of exercise it is thought of in an incredibly broad sense. There is no second thought given to whether the workouts are high or low pace, to what the level of exertion is, or the fluctuation of oxygen levels. With this being said, there are others that think of exercise in a more detailed way that live and breathe it, and are educated in the way the details of exercise works. This detailed broken down way of thinking breaks down breathing, heart rate, recovery, and manyRead MorePhysical Exercise And Mental Exercise Essay1976 Words   |  8 Pagesdevelopment or deterioration of the brain as we age. Although I agree that physical exercise is critical in increasing cognitive function because of the health benef its it provides, as well as the increased blood flow and circulation throughout the body, I ultimately believe that a healthy brain is not achieved solely by physical exercise or mental exercise, but both. 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Sports Journalism Sports And Physical Education - 956 Words

Sports journalism does not only include sport and physical education, but also all the public events. These events can have an economic, political, cultural character and thus have a certain sporting value, to generate interest among the audience of sports media. Often enough it is difficult to differentiate which would be the best to carry a number of phenomena that are directly related to the sport, but at the heart of its existing principles other adjacent spheres of social life. As an eloquent example is enough to remember how determined are the host countries of the Olympic Games – in this process exclusively sporting reasons are inextricably linked with the political, economic and social grounds. The same rule is in the media: on a very significant part of the sports there in the media we can say: this is not about sport, it is about the English or the Scots, about local and regional identity, about the capital and the countryside, about the class, gender, race and ethnicity. Models of media coverage of the sports become a source – perhaps a unique source – information about what our beliefs and opinions, what is our culture in the broadest sense of the word. It is very easy to know what a man is thinking about a woman (and sometimes on the contrary, what a woman things about a man); One of the constant topics faced by journalists talking about sports, and especially a big international sport, is the politics with all trailing behind it a train of problems whichShow MoreRelatedGender Differences In A Market With Relative Performance Feedback Analysis1014 Words   |  5 Pages A Struggle for Identity. Journalism History, vol. 38, no. 3, Fall2012, pp. 156-165. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=a9hAN=82785563site=ehost-live. Furrow Ashley’s journal article â€Å"A Struggle for Identity† is based on female athletic success in regard to public media and social recognition. 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Terrorism Counter Strategy In India

Question : Can use the Mumbai terrorist attack as an example here but make sure you look at Indias counter-terrorism strategy rather than ways to improve how they handled specific attacks. focus on the broad national counter-terrorism policy rather than the security forces counter-terrorism practices. Answer : Introduction This paper described the several aspect of counter terrorism strategy in India. The main aim of this paper is to evolution and strategies of counterterrorism strategies in India. Indeed, counterterrorism is the technique, tactic and strategy which prevent from terrorism. In the other words, the terrorism is called a war or revolution, then counterterrorism trends to be described in the term of military responses. On the other hand, terrorism means crime. Then, counterterrorism defined in the term of police and law enforcement work. Counter terrorism is called as against the terrorism activity which contains acquire, prevent and react to the unlawful terrorism exercise. (Sheehan 2007) Further, the first counterterrorism campaign was created by William Harcourt in 1880 for helps of Irish fenians. Irish branch was established as field of criminal investigation department of the London Metropolitan Police in the year of 1883 to conflict Irish republican terrorism by penetration and subve rsion, but in the India counterterrorism strategy emerged after the 2008 Mumbai attack and attack on the Indian Parliament in 2001 when several intelligence and operational failures revealed against the terrorism. Mohammad Ajmal Kasab was main accused of Mumbai attack. (Borgeson Valeri 2009) The National Counter Terrorism Center (NCTC) was created as anti-terror agency in the India on the basis of National Counterterrorism Center model of the USA. (Kraft Marks 2013) Existing terrorism groups in India There are several kinds of terrorism and insurgent group operating in India which is recognized by Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) of the US state that are following below: Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT): Lashkar-e-Taiba names mean Army of the Pure. This Islamist groups are operating in Pakistan and also from Jammu and Kashmir. This group is accused for many high terrorist attacks in India, including Mumbai commuter rail in the year of 2006. It is getting funds from Pakistan for run their terrorist and criminal activities. (Tankel 2009) Nowadays, it is expanding in the worldwide. Jaish-e-Muhammad: Jaish-e-Muhammad group name means Army of Mohammad. This is another terrorist groups which operating in Jammu and Kashmir. This was founded by Harkat-ul-Ansar in 2000. The main aim of this group is to transfer Jammu and Kashmir area control to Pakistan. (Rana 2009) Harakat-ul-Mujahadeen (HuM): This terrorism group was established in the 1985 as anti-Soviet team conflicting in the Afghanistan. Pakistan based HuM concentration transfer to Jammu and Kashmir when they withdrew from Soviet in the 1989. The Communist Party of India (Maoist): This group is looking to build a revolutionary zone of control expanding from the Nepalese boundary down to Andhra Pradesh state. (Hutt 2004) This group was emerged by the merger of Nexalite groups in 2004. Harakat-ul-Jihad-I-Islami (HUJI): This terrorist group was established in 1980 to fight against Soviet, but currently it has focused on Jammu and Kashmir. Initial stage they are targeted Indian military, but they killed five foreign tourists in Jammu and Kashmir in 1995 which belongs to western country. (Khurshchev 2009) Jamiat ul-Mujahadeen: This is small terrorist group of pro-Pakistan Kashmiri which is blamed for a grenade attacks against India political targets in 2004. The United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA): It was founded in 1979 as socialist state in Assam. In the 1990s, they started to target the political leader and security forces in the Assam state. Through the above terrorist and insurgent groups, the major territory was affected by terrorist activities in the India that are following below: Jammu and Kashmir: This state was central point of terrorist activities when British colonial rule ended from this states. India claims that Pakistan is using this territory for expanding their insurgent through several groups of insurgent and terrorist. One third of the total terrorist attack occurred in this territory. (Kalpan Bajoria 2008) Andhra Pradesh: Many terrorist attacks occurred in this area through Naxalites. Naxalites are revolutionary groups which are affecting around 10000 member lives every year. Naxalites are expanded their area from thirteen states to twenty eight states of the India. (Tickell 2013) The state of Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand, Bihar, Orrisa and West Bengal are highly affected from Naxalites activities, but Chhattisgarh is mostly affected by the Maoist violence in 2006. Northeastern states: Most of northeastern states are affected by the violence activities after the Bangladesh was separated off in 1947. Conflicts are expanding most of the Assam and Nagaland states in India. Poverty is major problem in this area and many groups are demanding independent so many terrorist and insurgent activities are occurred in these areas. (Kalpan Bajoria 2008) Counterterrorism strategy in India Due to a lot of terrorist and insurgent groups activates in the India such as Jammu and Kashmir, Northeastern state and Andhra Pradesh. India will have to take special decision against terrorist so they are created counterterrorist strategies. Indeed, India population has cross 1 billion in the current years. India has many ethnic groups, seven major religious with many kinds of organized religious and sub organized religious and around 68 socio-culture sub regions. There are constantly increasing social, economic and political desires of groups in its cultural, lingual, social and communal social system. (Marwah 2012) Further, India has become largest victims of terrorism, but nowadays it has handled terrorism smartly in Mizoram, Punjab and other kinds of nation. India adopted comprehensive strategy to counterterrorism. Counterterrorism will be affective when they adopted national consensus strategy to prevent the terrorism. Indias counterterrorism strategy addresses terrorism as a process with economic, operational, political, psychological, perceptual and diplomatic aspect. India believes to encourage a good governance, healthy, well-functioning democracy, secular and liberal mind set which no difference between majority and minority. They treat everyone equal level on the basis of law concern. We need a local level counterterrorism strategy to prevent terrorism in India. (Curtis 2008) The few significant points need to be highlighted that are following below: First, in the regard of ideological level, this conflict is between terrorist groups which dont trust in value of religious tolerance, multi-cultural and democracy. The counterterrorism strategy is followed by several nations with large defeat and denies factors. An ideological and political counterterrorism factor plays an important dominant role which believes that ideologues should be considered in the plan and operational conflict against terrorism. (Singh 2008) Second, we need to adopt the collaborative plans at the highest level. Although, top-down strategy cannot be apply everywhere. (Mitchell 2008) Counterterrorism operational plan must be worked out for specific area. Third, counterterrorism strategy must deal with all aspect of worldwide terrorism. It connects with transnational organized crime, drug, illegal arms trafficking, money laundering, illicit and nuclear, biological, chemical and other deadly materials and their delivery. It should look the organization action and dedication to meet cross-border threats arranged by the terrorist. Forth, terrorism is not an armed forces problem because it is socio-cultural and socio-economic problem. In the regard of counterterrorism strategy, we should combat and isolate the ideology that is not acceptable to present culture or society. We must use all factors of national power, not only armed forces but also economical, political and other types of opinion and pressures. In the concern, we should use hard power as well as soft power because hard power deals with violent armed terrorist and soft power deals with humanely with cultures, traditions and society. Further, the psychological and intellectual aspects of the terrorist and counterterrorism are significant as its physical attribute. Womens empowerment, youth firms, local development initiative and education network must play a significant role with government as a helpful partner. (Singh 2008) These are some more counterterrorist strategies which adopted by India government through several government bodies and agencie s that are following below: State strategies and its intelligence set-up: In the regard of counterterrorist strategies, Indias federal laws have responsibilities to create policing and maintenance of law for individual states. The Indias central government has rights to give advice them about the financial help, training program and develop their professional caliber and share with the intelligence agencies. (Menezes 2003) The national intelligence community: The national intelligence agencies divided into two parts such internal and external agencies. So, ministry of home affairs and intelligence bureau presented the internal agency. And Cabinet secretariats research and analysis wing to protect from terrorist activities of countries people presented the external intelligence agencies. The IB and RAW: The IB consist internal terrorist intelligence and RAW consists the external related intelligence. The DIA collects tactical intelligence in the regard of counterterrorist operation in the specific areas such as Nagaland and Jammu and Kashmir. (Burch 2007) Physical security agencies: The Central Industrial Security Force provides physical security at Indian airport and sensitive areas. The National Security Guards forces provides safety from hijacking the plane activities. Further, Special Protection Group handled prime minister and former prime minister Security which is very necessary in the globalization world. Paramilitary forces: Its play an important role in the counterterrorism strategy. The Border Security Force and Central Reserve Police Force are known as paramilitary forces which help the police in counter-terrorism operation when they called for this specific work. (Amritsar 2010) The Army: Indian government takes army assistance when the paramilitary and the police are not able to protect with a terrorist attacks. Due to large scale of Pakistan infiltration in Jammu and Kashmir, the army plays an important role in this area for counterterrorism operations. India is not only facing terrorism in Jammu and Kashmir, but also a proxy war by the Jihadi representative. (Menezes 2003) In the recent years, there have been two extra counterterrorism strategies following by the Indian governments that are discuss below: 1. Multi-disciplinary centre: It is headed by the experienced IB officer. These kinds of agencies handled intelligence collection work and counterterrorist strategy will work under general umbrella. 2. Ministry of external affairs: This ministry will be responsible for diplomatic aspect of counterterrorism such as other nations on mutual legal help, Pakistans patronization of terrorism, servicing the work of several mixes working groups and processing requests for extradition. (Prakash 2008) Prevention of Terrorism Act (POTA): In 2002, government approved the Prevention of Terrorism Act (POTA) to increasing the government power against terrorism. Through this act, India governments have rights to keep suspected people in custody without any trial. This law was looked as death certificate of crime and terrorism activities, but the law was canceled in 2004 due to allegations that some people are mis-using their power. 3. Although, politicians are wanted to repair the law because of this kinds of activities are raised. Due to POTA act, we are able to take more strict decision against the terrorist such as Kasab. It was the main blamed of Mumbai attack. (Lokaneeta 2011) Further, some states of India such as Karnataka and Maharashtra have some different law. The name of the law was Maharashtra Control of Organized Crime Act (MCOCA) and the Karnataka Control of Organized Crime Act which used to track suspected terrorists. MCOCA is tougher than POTA and it is generally abused by the scrutiny agencies. Other states such as Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Gujrat and Uttar Pradesh are looking same counterterrorism law. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be concluded that there are no fast solution for counterterrorism because it is a long term process. There are not single military solutions available for terrorist, secessionist and insurgency problem. Counterterrorism in India needs a comprehensive strategy that covers social, psychological, operational, economical, political and diplomatic issues. Because most of terrorist groups such as Lashkar-e-Taiba, The Communist Party of India, The United Liberation Front of Assam and Jaish-e-Muhammad members are direct or indirect related to society, culture and political. For example kasab was the main accused of Mumbai attacks which belongs to human society and culture, but due to bad guidance they killed many innocent people. So, terrorist is not exactly our problem rather than reason of terrorism is main problem with us. Therefore, when we got the reason behind the terrorism then we would able to make proper counterterrorism strategies for all aspect o f terrorism. It is necessary for the government of the specific region to cooperate, look informed helps from their people, legitimate, provide responsive, build trusted networks and engage closely with international community. References Amritsar, S, 2010, Effect of physical training on pulmonary function tests in border security force trainees of India, J Life Sci, 2(1), 11-15. Borgeson, K, Valeri, R, 2009, Terrorism in America, Jones Bartlett Publisher, Canada. Burch, J, 2007, A domestic intelligence agency for the United States? A comparative analysis of domestic intelligence agencies and their implications for homeland security, DTIC. Curtis, L, 2008, After Mumbai: Time to strengthen USIndia counterterrorism cooperation, Heritage Foundation Backgrounder, 2217. Hutt, M, 2004, Himalayan People's War: Nepal's Maoist Rebellion, Indiana University Press, Bloomington. Kalpan, E, Bajoria, J, 2008, Counterterrorism In India, view 12 January, 2015 from: https://www.cfr.org/india/counterterrorism-india/p11170 Khurshchev, ST, 2009, "HuJI in India: An Assessment," p 182-190. Kraft, K Marks, E, 2013, U.S. Government Counterterrorism: A Guide to Who Does What, CRC Press, Florida. Lokaneeta, J, 2011, Transnational Torture: Law, Violence, and State Power in the United States and India, NYU Press, New York. Marwah, V,2012, India in Turmoil, Rupa Publications, New Delhi. Menezes, L, 2003, Indias Counter-Terrorism Strategy, view 12 January, 2015 from: https://www.rediff.com/news/2003/apr/05spec.htm Mitchell, D, 2008, Bridging Strategic Asia: The United States, Japan, and India, Central for Strategy and International Strategy, Washington. Prakash, V, 2008, Terrorism in India's North-east: A Gathering Storm, Gyan Publishing House, New Delhi. Rana, MA, 2009, Taliban insurgency in Pakistan: A counterinsurgency perspective, Pakistan Institute for Peace Studies, 9-31. Sheehan, IS, 2007, When Terrorism and Counterterrorism Clash: The War on Terror and the Transformation of Terrorist Activity, Cambria Press, New York. Singh, CH, 2008, South Asia Defence And Strategic Year Book, Pentagon Press, New Delhi. Tankel, S, 2009, Lashkar-e-taiba: From 9/11 to Mumbai, Developments in Radicalisation and Political Violence, 6. Tickell, A, 2013, Terrorism, Insurgency and Indian-English Literature, 1830-1947, Routledge, New York.