Use Of Verbal And Non Verbal Elements - 1490 Words

Nicolette Jimenez Dr. Soud English 110 13 November 2014 Read Between the Lines It is very typical among people to forget about the many aspects involved in communication as a whole. Communication is in part the verbal content, but also in part the nonverbal content. It is the nonverbal content, however, that holds the importance of the message and the underlying meaning being translated. But as it is now the 21st century, we have blindly become part of a social media oriented culture. A culture in which we have the unlimited access to any and all social medias at our fingertips. A culture where we have become more connected to our virtually created lives rather than reality itself. We have become accustomed to communicating in a†¦show more content†¦They are believed to be continuous: if you were to stop speaking verbally, the transaction of non-verbals would carry out the conversation themselves. It is often these things that will reveal and give away a person’s true feelings, no matter what they are actually saying ; who we are, how we relate to people, and how we feel emotionally. Without the accompaniment of nonverbals, verbal communication alone would be ineffective as they add to or change the meaning of the verbal message. The main goals and functions of nonverbal messages are to convey meaning, modify verbal messages, and to regulate the flow of interaction. Within these goals, there are seven channels for conveying those messages; proxemics, vocalics, kinesics, gaze, facial expression, haptics and chronemics (time). These channels are often used simultaneously in the transmission of the message. Proxemics; the study of interpersonal space and distance, identifies how the use of space can reflect and create power. Different levels of proxemics represent different levels of relationships. Vocalics; not the spoken words themselves but the voice tones and volume may indicate relational information or emotion of the speaker. For instance, when people are trying to make an important po int, they might change their tone and pitch of voice to sound more confident and powerful, influencing how the audience perceives them. Kinesics; the body movements and language that

The Road Not Taken By Robert Frost - 1224 Words

In Robert Frost’s â€Å"The Road Not Taken,† he said, â€Å"Two roads diverged in a wood and I—I took the one less traveled by, and it has made all the difference.† Every day, each individual has the power to make choices. He can choose the popular path or â€Å"the one less traveled by.† The most common and relatable choice a person has is what he chooses to eat. Many, if not most, Americans follow the favored â€Å"road† of genetically modified organisms, or GMOs, when they consume food (Frost). But an individual must stop to think about what GMOs are and whether they are harmful in any way, despite being popular. The Journal of International Affairs interviewed Mark Lynas, an environmental writer and biologist, because of how controversial GMOs are, even amongst experts. Lynas does not believe that GMOs are harmful and wholeheartedly supports their consumption; however, contrary to Lynas’ beliefs, genetically modified organisms have caused an increase in agrichemicals and are potentially dangerous for human consumption. First, there is much evidence to support that GMOs are harmful to the environment because they cause an increase of agrichemicals farmers spray on their crops. In regards to the effect of GMOs on the environment, Lynas said â€Å"†¦it turns out that there have actually been dramatic reductions in the use of agrichemicals†¦Ã¢â‚¬  However, this statement was naà ¯ve and ignorant, especially with the amount of information that supports the opposite. Charles Benbrook, a professor and anShow MoreRelatedThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost983 Words   |  4 PagesThe poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken was written by Robert Frost, a four-time Pulitzer Prize winner in poetry, and also a special guest at President John F. Kennedy’s inauguration (Robert Frost Biography). Frost was born on March 26, 1874 in San Francisco, California and he died of complications from prostate surgery on January 29, 1963. Much of Robert’s popularity was gained throughout Europe (An Analysis of Robert Frost’s Poem: The Road Not Taken). Frost became a poetic force, and the unofficial poetRead MoreThe Road Not Taken by Robert Frost764 Words   |  3 PagesWritten by Robert Frost, â€Å"The Road Not Taken† deals with about making choices in life and how those choices affect your whole life. The meter of this poem is iambic tetrameter, for the most part. In most lines, the meter follows the rule with four iambs, which means that there is one unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. But the meter is not normal since, in some lines, an anapest, which means there are two unstressed syllables followed by one stressed syllable, is substituted forRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1173 Words   |  5 PagesRobert Frost, one of America’s well-known poets is highly regarded for his realistic illustrations of rural life and poetry which is still relevant in today’s society. After being honoured on numerous occasions, he became one of America’s most popular public figures. Frosts’ poems reflect his greatness and his life in a variety of ways after he was confronted with such despair and grief after the passing of his father due to tuberculosis at just eleven years of age and his mother who passed awayRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost995 Words   |  4 Pagesthey can only move forward hoping for the best. â€Å"The Road Not Taken†, Robert Frost, 1916. In â€Å"The Road Not Taken† a traveler is strolling through the woods and comes across two different roads he could take, and unable to travel both the poet eventually chooses which path to take. The theme conveyed is about making choices. Frost does this through the use of diction, the use of figure of speech, and the use of imagery. To start with, Frost displays the main idea of decision making by the wordsRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1055 Words   |  5 Pagesago. Either way, if you admit it now or in the wee hours of the night, like most people, you will come across this question at least once in your life. Robert Frost was able to grasp this raw, vulnerable life changing moment in the palm of his hand. Then he beautifully laid it out in the form of words in the narrative poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken†. Frost is able to take you back to a time when you have been faced with a life-changing decision. Then, causing you to ask yourself â€Å"Did I make the right choiceRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost940 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Road Not Taken† was written by Robert Frost in 1916, and it was the first poem in the collection Mountain Interval (Shmoop). Even though it was written many years ago, people of all ages still study this enticing poem. Frost wrote about coming to a fork in the woods and examining which path he should take and whether he might ever come back; the speaker believes each path is fine to take, but he takes the less used path (line 6). He wrote about this decision in clear, standard English. â€Å"TheRead MoreThe Road Not Taken, By Robert Frost968 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal Response 3 Title: The Road Not Taken Text Type: Poem Author: Robert Frost The poem, ‘The Road Not Taken’ by Robert Frost is about the â€Å"roads† and different paths we take in our lives. Frost wrote about a traveler who had to chose between two roads. He had to decide if he wanted to go down the well used or less used path. In the end, he went down the less used path. The theme of decision making and choices is shown in this poem. I think that this is a way of describing the choices we makeRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost863 Words   |  4 PagesThe Poem, â€Å"The Road Not Taken†, by Robert Frost is a detailed poem about a conflict in a person’s life, dealing with having to take the right path throughout life. The Narrator of this poem is faced with a predicament when he comes across two paths. The choices that he makes in his life, can alter the future for better or worse. This poem describes his attitude and emotion towards his choices as well as, shows examples of themes, mood, and different literary devi ces. The title of this poem canRead MoreRoad Not Taken, Robert Frost942 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish 101 Burstrem October 7, 2009 The Road Not Taken Life is full of choices and decisions that could ultimately change the outcome of our lives. In the poem, â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost, a traveler is destined to make that decision. This traveler man has to decide which road to take, one that is frequently traveled, and the one that is not. After contemplating which road to follow, he comes to the decision to take the road less traveled because he doesn’t want to follow inRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1100 Words   |  5 PagesRobert Frost reflects that poetry â€Å"begins in delight and ends in wisdom†¦.It runs a course of lucky events , and ends in a clarification of life—not necessarily a great clarification, such as sects and cults are found on, but in a momentary stay against confusion† (931). His poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken† is a clarification of life. This paper will analyze and evaluate the formal elements of â€Å"The Road Not Taken† and consid er how these elements work together to fit the author’s purpose and clarification

Boeing 787 Dreamliner Project-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Critically Evaluate the Boeing 787 Dreamliner Project. Answer: Introduction Boeing commercial Airplanes with an aim of delivering the companys most fuel efficient airliner, undertook a project to develop Boeing 787 dreamliner jet airliner using composite materials for construction work. The most striking features of this airliner are the four-panel windshield, noise reducing chevrons and a smooth nose contour. These features helped the 787 dreamliner become worlds fastest selling wide body airliner with a huge number of orders (Wagner and Norris 2009). However, the project suffered many hurdles due to improper execution and inefficient implementation. The project problems and the project management problems of Boeing 787 dreamliner jet are elaborated in the following paragraphs. The project Problems The major problem identified in the said project are listed below- Boeing aimed at trimming excess weight of the airliner; however, the first aircraft was overweight by 5000lb or 2300kg. This is mainly due to the inefficiency in developing a proper structure of the airliner. This resulted in the considerable delay. The project suffered multiple delays because of the procurement, sub assembly and major technical problems that were identified in the later stages of development (Denning 2013). Another major delay resulted when the completed airliner could not pass the testing phase. An in flight fire on the Rolls Royce engine of the aircraft was identified during the testing phase, which added to the considerable delay in the product launching. The project suffered the problems of over budget due to the poor performance in following the project objectives. The organizations suffered billions of penalty fees to the airlines. Further problems were identified in November 2011 when the 787 dreamliner experienced problem in its landing gear. The pilot had to deploy the gear manually for ensuring a safe landing when the automated system did not engage. This was because of the improper testing procedures and lack of thorough testing that reflects an inefficient project management problem. After the release of the developed aircraft, it started suffering from problems in the electrical system within one year. The major problem was with the lithium ion batteries. The maintenance crew discovered smoke coming out from the main battery 2 hours prior to the take off. The fault was identified in the power pack and its charger. The company without trying to find the root cause behind the problem quickly came out with a solution. In order to deal with this problem, the company encased the battery within a heavy steel box and included an exhaustion pipe for the smoke (Williard, Hendricks and Pecht 2013). This revised design was however approved by FAA and the dreamliner was again back by the end of April in the year 2014. This problem was mainly encountered because the less critical evaluation of certain conditions involved with the project. The project needed a thorough research before its execution (Nolan 2012). Furthermore, the project suffered a new problem in June 2014, which was mainly the result of the change in manufacturing process. The manufacturing of the airliner did not include shims in the connection of wind rib and wing panes. This resulted in creating hairline cracks in the wings, which could enlarge and cause further damage in the wings. The aircraft suffered certain software glitches as well that needs to be upgraded to address the problem. All this problems depicts a clear case of inefficient project management with an improper planning, developing and testing phases. The project if managed better could have saved the company from considerable over budget and time loss. Critical Evaluation on managing the Boeing 787 Dreamliner project The 787-dreamliner project could have been managed more successfully if proper project management methods were considered. The major characteristics of a project are to have a well defined objective and proper planning of project elements such as time cost and performance requirements. A project life cycle generally deals with four broad phases, initiation, planning, execution and closure (Kerzner 2013). Had the organization properly executed all these stages, it could have saved itself from the incurred losses. The project could have been executed and managed more successfully with the implementation of certain condition that are listed below- The project under discussion had no clear strategy. Every project has to be clearly linked with a proper strategy for its successful implementation. Strategic management is also necessary for allocating the scarce resources that improves the competitive position of the firm. The organization clearly lacked strong links among the mission, goals and objectives for a proper strategic implementation of the project. Furthermore, the strategic management process ensures the identification of strategic gaps in the project, which was clearly missing in the said project. Had these criteria considered, the project could have been managed better (Larson and Gray 2013). Another problem that was identified with the planning phase of the project was that it did not have any long-range goals and objectives. This resulted in the identification of the problems at the later stages of the development, which further lead to the design change of the whole system (Burke 2013). This project could have been managed better if there was a concrete plan for proper execution of the project and a clear objective. The company aimed trimming the excess weight of the aircraft but ended up in developing a heavier airliner. This could have been avoided by setting up a clear plan and objective for the project. The project could have been managed better by developing a project priority system prior to the execution of the project. This prevents the possibility of implementation gap and resource conflicts in a project. Moreover, a portfolio management was necessary for estimating the NVP of the project and the cost benefit analysis. This could have saved the company from over budget. Project portfolio balances the risks involved in the project and helps in prioritizing the project proposal according to the criteria of the project. This could have further helped in efficient project management. Risk management is very necessary to be considered in any project. The company did not have any proper risk management plan that result the company in incurring huge losses. Risk management deals with identifying, analyzing and eliminating the risk associated with a project (McNeil, Frey and Embrechts 2015). The company did not estimate or consider the technical or the software glitches that the aircraft might experience. Thorough testing was necessary to identify the glitches in the system and in order to deal with the identified problems, a proper risk management plan was essential. This could have helped the company in managing the project in a better way. Conclusion Therefore, from the above discussion, it can be summarized that the project 787 Dreamliner suffered multiple laybacks in its project execution due to an inefficient and improper project management strategy. The project design was improper and execution lacked proper planning. This resulted in sufficient loss of the company and successive delays in delivering the completed project. Different problems related to the project management were identified. The project lacked important components of project management and hence the project suffered considerable delays and revision. The report critically evaluates the strategies that could have been implemented by the company for a successful project management. References Burke, R., 2013. Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Denning, S., 2013. What went wrong at Boeing.Strategy Leadership,41(3), pp.36-41. Kerzner, H., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Larson, E.W. and Gray, C., 2013.Project Management: The Managerial Process with MS Project. McGraw-Hill. McNeil, A.J., Frey, R. and Embrechts, P., 2015.Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton university press. Nolan, R.L., 2012. Ubiquitous IT: The case of the Boeing 787 and implications for strategic IT research.The Journal of Strategic Information Systems,21(2), pp.91-102. Wagner, M. and Norris, G., 2009.Boeing 787 dreamliner. Zenith Press. Williard, N., He, W., Hendricks, C. and Pecht, M., 2013. Lessons learned from the 787 dreamliner issue on lithium-ion battery reliability.Energies,6(9), pp.4682-4695

On Unsteady Ground free essay sample

I was uneasy. It was my first cruise, and I did not know what to expect. The wind whipped through my hair and threatened the ends of my dress as I staggered after Ashley—the experienced cruise go-er—aboard the swaying ship. I admit that I can be socially awkward. Knowing this, I allowed Ashley to make friends for me, and soon she was successful. By the third day, we had quite an eclectic group: fellow Floridians, Texans, Marylanders, Californians, and even a few Brits. But in the definition of â€Å"fun,† we had a difference of opinion. I watched, night after night, as my newfound â€Å"friends† lived out their Dionysian vision of fun. In a dark corner of the burgundy smoking lounge, Ben, the 16-year-old chain-smoker, would have a fresh one dangling from his lower lip. Up a floor and through the tipsy gamblers, the casino’s flashing lights would illuminate Troy and JR in their attempts to distract the barman and lift a bottle of Captain Morgan. We will write a custom essay sample on On Unsteady Ground or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If anyone managed to reach â€Å"The-Guy-Who-Was-Always-Screwing-His-Girlfriend,† the gang would pitch over to the outer deck of Floor 6, where they could smoke some cheap dope, letting the scent drift off to sea. Most frightening of all was the girl on Deck 9. Jamie, the girl with dull eyes and a far away look, sloshing drink in hand, glasses askew, will forever be imprinted in my mind. She was one of the many whose apparent goal was to â€Å"hook-up† with as many strangers as possible within her seven-day-limit. And she had no problem with smoking, drinking, and getting high along the way. Through all of this, I observed; I pondered. Jamie introduced herself to me multiple times. Regardless of how many times I met her, my brain failed to process Jamie’s choices. How could she be so willing to relinquish her only true possession, her ability to think? It bothered me. Back on steady ground, I wondered about my own role on the cruise ship. Everyone else had had t he time of her life, but I had said â€Å"No.† Was I exceedingly uptight, the kind of woman with a tight bun, straight knee-length skirt, and a sour, condescending look upon her face? I don’t want to be her; I’m not her. I am wholeheartedly unopposed to having fun—but I will never sacrifice the control of my mind to any person or any thing. I need the comfort of having a firm foundation beneath me, and the assurance that all of my thoughts and feelings are true, and not the by-product of a mind-altering substance.

French Verb Conjugation for Briller (to Shine)

French Verb Conjugation for Briller (to Shine) To shine in French is the verb  briller. It is an easy one to remember if you associate it with brilliant, as in give it a brilliant shine.   When you want to change  briller  to the past tense or the present or future, for that matter you will need to conjugate the verb. French students who have studied other verbs that end in -er  will find this lesson very familiar. Conjugating the French Verb  Briller First, a quick review of pronunciation. Keep in mind that the double LL sounds like a Y when it follows an I. Rather than the hard L sound of [briller], it is pronounced [breeyer]. This follows through to all of the verb conjugations. Briller  is a  regular -ER verb  and that makes it relatively straightforward. The verb endings that replace the -er  follow a specific pattern. For example, in  je  future tense, an  -ai  is added to  briller  and in je  imperfect past tense, the -er  becomes -ais. You will find this in similar verbs like  blesser  (to hurt) and  augmenter  (to raise). That makes each new verb just a little easier to learn. The chart lays out the primary forms of  briller  for you to study. To use it, pair the subject pronoun with the appropriate tense. For example, I shine is je brille and we will shine is nous brillerons. Brillers Present Participle When you want to use the  present participle  of briller, drop the -er  and add an -ant.  This gives you the word brillant. Did you notice the resemblance to brilliant? The present participle is where we get the correlation that can help with memorization. Another Past Tense of  Briller The past tense of  briller  can be expressed using the imperfect or the  passà © composà ©. For the latter, you will use the  past participle  brillà ©Ã‚  as well as the conjugate of  avoir, which is an  auxiliary verb. As an example of the completed passà © composà ©, I moved becomes jai brillà © and we moved is nous avons brillà ©. Note how  ai  and  avons  are conjugates of  avoir  and  brillà ©Ã‚  does not change with the subject. More Simple Conjugations of  Briller There may be times in your French that you will use one of the following verb forms of  briller. The subjunctive and conditional are used when the action has some uncertainty to it. The passà © simple and imperfect subjunctive are primarily found in literature and when youre writing. When you want to use  briller  in short commands or requests, you can turn to the imperative verb form. For this one, skip the subject pronoun and say only the verb: brille rather than tu brille.

What Justice Means to Me Essays

What Justice Means to Me Essays What Justice Means to Me Essay What Justice Means to Me Essay In social institutions, justice is the very first virtue. On the other hand, truth would be considered to be of systems of thought. In the case of theories, certain revisions could be done if it is found to be untrue. Even if the theory seems to sound elegantly, changes would be required on it. The same thing applies to laws and institutions. If these laws and institutions are untrue, they would be reformed, or worst, they would be abolished. Utilitarianism states that a moral action is the â€Å"greatest good for the greatest number of people† (Mill, 1863). But each and every individual has the ability to discern based on justice that the wellbeing of a whole society does not often overrule the wellbeing of its citizen. Justice rejects the idea that an individual could lose his freedom for the benefit of the other individuals. In a society, justice must provide the equality which the citizen or the people should receive. Their rights should be protected by justice and that in equalities are reduced, if not totally removed (Rawls, 1999).Justice for me is fairness. It is a way to give the things that is due to a person or an individual who experiences unjust treatment. Each and every individual should experience equality especially with regards to rights and liberty, comparable to that which is experienced by other people. In addition to this, if there is the presence of social and economic inequalities, it should be reformed. The inequalities should be arranged in a manner as to be rationally anticipated to be to everyone’s advantage. Also, it should be fixed as to make positions or offices open to everybody, and not only to a specific individual or group of individuals.In a case stated by Claire Andre and Manuel Velasquez, an individual named Beatrice Norton who was fourteen years old worked in a cotton mill just like her mother. Few years after, she had stopped from working due to problems with regards to her health. Exposure to the cotton dust i n the cotton mill had resulted to a disease called â€Å"brown lung†. â€Å"Brown lung† can is a chronic disease, and if it gets out of hand, it could be fatal. The symptoms of brown lung are similar to asthma and emphysema. Due to this disease, she was not able to work anymore and provide money for herself and to her family. As such, she asks for the government’s help in giving justice to what she had experienced. More specifically, she wanted to receive stability compensations from the government. Another case talks about Mrs. Vinnie Ellison’s husband who also worked in a cotton mill. Her husband had experienced difficulties in breathing and her husband’s health was in serious problem fulfilling his job due to this. Mrs. Ellison’s husband was fired because of this. Aside from being jobless, Mrs. Ellison’s husband had no pension, as such, they had difficulty living (Andre and Velasquez, Spring 1990).In these two incidents or cases, b oth Beatrice Norton and Mrs. Vinnie Elison, only wanted what is due to them or to their loved one. They wanted to be treated equally or fairly as to what they had experienced. They had worked for the cotton mill for years and morally speaking, the victims should be given compensations or financial help. In this way, their efforts, labor and loyalty to the company could be rewarded. In a just society, they should not be treated indifferently and that justice should protect them as well, just like how it protects other laborers or workers experiencing other diseases.As a Criminal Justice professional, I would see to it that they would be given what’s due to them. I would try to investigate and check if there’s any fault, mistake, neglects or shortcomings done by either Beatrice Norton and Mrs. Vinnie Elison or the cotton mill. I could readily give help or assistance to the victims of the â€Å"brown lung† in receiving at least a small compensation to pay for their medications. The improvement of their health could also be pushed through as deliberations and investigations go on. I would also help in granting pension to these victims if it is found that they had not committed any shortcomings as to endanger their own selves to the disease. In the case of the cotton mill, I could assist them in finding a suitable compensation or pension for the victims without incurring much loss to the mill. Their policies could also be revised in order to adapt to these problems in the future. Certain safety regulations can be pushed through the court for the cotton mill to create or improve existing health or safety regulations so that the well-being of the workers could be addressed. If the court finds that the victims did not follow such regulations then, they may not receive what they want fully since it is not due to them.Distributing wealth and good things in life that is equally deserved by one could be thought through common sense be given based on m oral desert. Justice is happiness according to virtue. While it is recognized that this ideal can never be fully carried out, it is the appropriate conception of distributive justice, at least as a prima facie. As a Criminal Justice professional that considers that justice is fairness, this conception is already eliminated or disregarded. Identifying the necessary criteria in this situation seems to be impossible. In addition to this, from the point of view of distributing according to virtue, moral desert and legitimate expectations are neither eminent nor identifiable. Therefore, it can be a fact that individuals who take part in certain arrangements receive claims from one another because of the existing agreements which were made. In the case of the â€Å"brown lung† cancer, certain agreements could be arranged in order to come up with a fair decision that would not push one side to the losing end. By creating an agreement between the two conflicting identities, they coul d receive claims and equality or fairness can be served. Furthermore, the principles of justice as fairness that maintains a fundamental structure do not pertain to moral desert. Through justice as fairness, there would be no predisposition of share distribution that would keep up a correspondence with it.ReferencesAndre, C., Velasquez, M. (Spring 1990). Justice and Fairness. Issues in Ethics, 3.Mill, J. S. (1863). Utilitarianism. London: Parker, Son and Bourn, West Strand.Rawls, J. (1999). A Theory of Justice. New York: Oxford University Press.

Reflective paper on Baldridge principles, organizational issues, Assignment

Reflective paper on Baldridge principles, organizational issues, personal and organizational learning - Assignment Example The Baldridge criteria are a results oriented and proven management techniques that feature on the characteristics of organizations that do very well. Whether in the education sector, healthcare, security or business organizations, the Baldridge process importantly helps ensure that organizations that use this model are kept accountable, are managed in a sustainable manner, are properly aligned, improved, rewarded, recognized, while also immensely helping with the organization’s recruitment endeavors. In truth, there are a myriad of different approaches of organizational and personal improvement and management, but the Baldridge criteria stands solidly apart. For one, unlike other approaches, this process offers an improvement framework that is non-prescriptive. Additionally, the techniques are all-inclusive and integrated, addressing all the factors involved within the organization, its workings and outcomes. Moreover, the brilliance of the process resides in its focus on common needs of the set-up, rather than on benign aspects such as techniques, tools and procedures. The technique addresses the desires of all the stakeh olders in an organization and is essentially adaptable and accommodative to various organizational and personal practices and needs. The criteria of the Baldridge allow for organizations to conduct self-assessment and gives insightful feedback to users. The criteria also assist in enhancing the performance capabilities, practices and results while further facilitating proper communication methods/ techniques within the organization. Not only do the Baldridge criteria focus on improving the organization, but it also focuses on personal (individual) learning within these settings of application. This is significantly contributed by its core values and concepts which strongly advocate for visionary leadership (that demands the setting of proper examples from leaders so that ethical behavior, values and expectation are reinforced even as